March 9, 2025 — Nashville, Tennessee — The North American Council for Freight Efficiency (NACFE) has released a white paper, Navigating the Messy Middle: The Move to More Sustainable Trucking.

Recognizing that all the powertrain solutions currently available to fleets can make it difficult to determine which solution is best suited to a fleet’s operation, NACFE published a white paper that provides deeper insight into the term Messy Middle.

“I liken the Messy Middle to a smorgasbord where fleets have a wide variety of options,” says Mike Roeth, NACFE’s executive director. “It can seem like an overwhelming number of choices, and we wrote this white paper to bring some clarity to the current situation.”

NACFE first began using the term Messy Middle in 2018 to describe the time between now and when trucking gets to a zero-emission future.

But the paper goes beyond just identifying the various options. It also delves a little deeper into the term Messy Middle. “We have received a good deal of feedback on the idea since introducing it in 2018. Much of it good and some questioning our declaring it a mess. While I don’t think many of us love being in a mess, we don’t always select the situations we find ourselves in,” Roeth says.

“We don’t think messy is necessarily bad,” he adds. “In fact, messy can be good because it implies a variety of options available for fleets to choose from.”

In addition, the defining the Messy Middle, the white paper provides a brief overview of the various powertrain options available to fleets today.

The key is to choose the right powertrain for the application.

“We maintain a fleet of more than 450,000 vehicles and are always looking at ways to optimize our assets,” says Paul Rosa, senior vice president procurement and fleet, Penske. “We are constantly evaluating powertrain options to determine which make sense for each of our Class 2b to 8 commercial vehicle duty cycles. NACFE’s work on defining the Messy Middle and laying out a framework for evaluating the various options should help fleets have a better understanding of which powertrain solutions will work for them.”

The paper also explains the factors that need to be considered when choosing a powertrain solution and provides a framework which is useful in the decision-making process.

“This paper along with the previously published A Need to Redefine Class 8 Long-Haul Trucking, are part of our Run on Less – Messy Middle efforts which also includes a Bootcamp, and will feature profiles of participating fleets and a dashboard of metrics from the fleets’ operations. All of these efforts are designed to help bring clarity to long-haul trucking,” Roeth says.

Download the white paper here.